Fish intake, mercury, and metabolic syndrome: a review of the literature
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.995077Keywords:
fish intake, mercury, metabolic syndromeAbstract
It is already well established that mercury, as a toxic metal, may induce oxidative stress, inactivate several antioxidant mechanisms, and induce a chronic low-grade inflammation, eventually leading to increased risk for metabolic syndrome development. Even though fish intake is commonly associated with the beneficial effects on health, all fish species contain methylmercury, which may have a toxic effect on the human body. Several studies have reported a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome among people living in the coastal areas, who usually consume more fish than their inland counterparts. Taking into account the impact of fish intake on mercury concentration, together with that of mercury exposure on metabolic syndrome, the aim of this research was to review the existing scientific data regarding the association of all three factors. To our knowledge, only four studies examined the association between mercury concentration and metabolic syndrome, taking fish intake into account. Three out of four studies indicated that exposure, even to low-dose of mercury is associated with metabolic syndrome or at least some of its components. Two of them determined that total fish intake or the intake of some species containing relatively high levels of methylmercury is a contributing factor for mercury concentration in human body. For better understanding of this association, it is necessary to obtain larger prospective cohort studies or randomized controlled trails. Further studies should be carried out over a wider geographic area and elucidate all significant contributing exposure sources for mercury levels.
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5. International Diabetes Federation. The IDF consensus worldwide definition of the metabolic syndrome. Available from: http://www.idf.org/webdata/docs/IDF_Meta_def_final.pdf [Accessed 16th February 2017].
6. Nair A, Jordan M, Watkins S, Washam R, DuClos C, Jones S, Palcic J, Pawlowicz M, Blackmore C. Fish consumption and hair mercury levels in women of childbearing age, Martin County, Florida. Matern Child Healt J. 2014;18(10):2352-2361.
7. Tørris C, Molin M, Cvancarova Småstuen M. Association between fish consumption and metabolic syndrome. A large cross-sectional study from the Norwegian Tromsø Study: Tromsø 4. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2016;8(1):18-27.
8. Mozaffarian D, Rimm EB. Fish intake, contaminants, and human health: evaluating the risk and the benefits. JAMA. 2006;296(15):1885-1899.
9. Puharic Z, Perasovic J. Is there a difference between properly nourished first grade pupils in the Bjelovar-Bilogora and the Split-Dalmatia counties? Radovi Zavoda za znanstvenoistraživački i umjetnički rad u Bjelovaru. 2013;7:57-70.
10. Esposito K, Marfella R, Ciotola M, Di Palo C, Giugliano F, Giugliano G, D'Armiento M, D'Andrea F, Giugliano D. Effect of a mediterranean-style diet on endothelial dysfunction and markers of vascular inflammation in the metabolic syndrome: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2004;292(12):1440-1446.
11. Kolcic I, Vorko-Jovic A, Salzer B, Smoljanovic M, Kern J, Vuletic S. Metabolic syndrome in a metapopulation of Croatian island isolates. Croat Med J. 2006;47(4):585-592.
12. Deka R, Narancic NS, Xip H, Turek S, Cubrilo-Turek M, Vrhovski-Hebrang D, Janicijevic B, Tomljenovic A, Szirovicza L, Jin L, Chakraborty R, Rudan P. Metabolic syndrome in an island population of the eastern Adriatic coast of Croatia. Coll Antropol. 2008;32(1):85-91.
13. Kearney J. Food consumption trends and drivers. Philos T Roy Soc B. 2010;365(1554): 2793-2807.
14. Ram CVS, Farmer JA. Metabolic syndrome in South Asians. J Clin Hypertens. 2012;14(8):561-565.
15. Hightower JM, Moore D. Mercury levels in high-end consumers of fish. Environ Health Persp. 2003;111(4):604-608.
16. Genchi G, Sinicropi MS, Carocci A, Lauria G, Catalano A. Mercury exposure and heart diseases. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14(1):74. doi: 10.3390/ijerph14010074.
17. Sherlock J, Hislop J, Newton D, Topping G, Whittle K. Elevation of mercury in human blood from controlled chronic ingestion of methylmercury in fish. Hum Toxicol. 1984;3(2):117–131.
18. Schober, SE, Sinks TH, Jones RL, Bolger PM, McDowell M, Osterloh J, Garrett ES, Canady RA, Dillon CF, Sun Y, Joseph CB, Mahaffey KR. Blood mercury levels in US children and women of childbearing age, 1999–2000. JAMA. 2003;289(13):1667–1674.
19. Chan HM, Egeland GM. Fish consumption, mercury exposure, and heart diseases. Nutr Rev. 2004;62(2):68-72.
20. Yaginuma-Sakurai K, Shimada M, Ohba T, Nakai K, Suzuki K, Kurokawa N, Kameo S, Satoh H. Assessment of exposure to methylmercury in pregnant Japanese women by FFQ. Public Health Nutr. 2009;12(12):2352–2358.
21. Mozaffarian D. Fish, mercury, selenium and cardiovascular risk: Current evidence and unanswered questions. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2009;6(6):1894–1916.
22. Roman HA, Walsh TL, Coull BA, Dewailly E, Guallar E, Hattis D, Marlen K, Schwartz J, Stern AH, Virtanen JK, Rice G. Evaluation of the cardiovascular effects of methylmercury exposures: Current evidence supports development of the dose-response function for regulatory benefits analysis. Environ Health Perspect. 2011;119(5):607-614.
23. Eom SY, Choi SH, Ahn SJ, Kim DK, Kim DW, Lim JA, Choi BS, Shin HJ, Yun SW, Yoon HJ, Kim YM, Hong YS, Yun YW, Sohn SJ, Kim H, Park KS, Pyo HS, Kim H, Oh SY, Kim J, Lee SA, Ha M, Kwon HJ, Park JD. Reference levels of blood mercury and association with metabolic syndrome in Korean adults. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2014;87(5):501-213.
24. Cho S, Jacobs DRJr, Park K. Population correlates of circulating mercury levels in Korean adults: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV. BMC Public Health. 2014;14(1):527-536.
25. Garland M, Morris JS, Rosner BA, Stampfer MJ, Spate VL, Baskett CJ, Willett WC, Hunter DJ. Toenail trace element levels as biomarkers: Reproducibility over a 6-year period. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev. 1993;2(5):493–497.
26. Park K, Seo E. Association between Toenail Mercury and Metabolic Syndrome Is Modified by Selenium. Nutrients. 2016;8(7):424-434.
27. Yoshizawa K, Rimm EB, Morris JS, Spate VL, Hsieh CC, Spiegelman D, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC. Mercury and the risk of coronary heart disease in men. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(22);1755–1760.
28. Salonen JT, Seppanen K, Nyyssonen K, Korpela H, Kauhanen J, Kantola M, Tuomilehto J, Esterbauer H, Salonen R. Intake of mercury from fish, lipid peroxidation, and the risk of myocardial infarction and coronary, cardiovascular, and any death in eastern Finnish men. Circulation. 1995;91(3):645–655.
29. Virtanen JK,Voutilainen S, Rissanen TH, Mursu J, Tuomainen TP, Korhonen MJ, Valkonen V, Seppanen K, Laukkanen JA, Salonen JT. Mercury, Fish Oils, and Risk of Acute Coronary Events and Cardiovascular Disease, Coronary Heart Disease, and All-Cause Mortality in Men in Eastern Finland. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;25(1):228-233.
30. Passos CJS, Mergler D. Human mercury exposure and adverse health effects in the Amazon: a review. Cad Saude Publica. 2008;24:503–520.
31. Grotto D, Valentini J, Fillion M, Passos CJ, Garcia SC, Mergler D, Barbosa FJr. Mercury exposure and oxidativestress in communities of the Brazilian Amazon. Sci Total Environ. 2010;408(4):806–811.
32. Tinkov AA, Ajsuvakova OP, Skalnaya MG, Popova EV, Sinitskii AI, Nemereshina ON, Gatiatulina ER, Nikonorov AA, Skalny AV. Mercury and metabolic syndrome: a review of experimental and clinical observations. Biometals. 2015;28(2):231-254.
33. Welty FK, Alfaddagh A, Elajami TK. Targeting inflammation in metabolic syndrome. Transl Res. 2016;167(1):257-280.
34. Park SB, Choi SW, Nam AY. Hair tissue mineral analysis and metabolic syndrome. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2009;130(30):218-228.
35. Bautista LE, Stein JH, Morgan BJ, Stanton N, Young T, Nieto FJ. Association of blood and hair mercury with blood pressure and vascular reactivity. WMJ. 2009;108(5):250-252.
36. Choi B, Yeum KJ, Park SJ, Kim KN, Joo NS. Elevated serum ferritin and mercury concentrations are associated with hypertension; analysis of the fourth and fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV-2, 3, 2008-2009 and V-1, 2010). Environ Toxicol. 2015;30(1):101-108.
37. Fillion M, Mergler D, Sousa Passos CJ, Larribe F, Lemire M, Guimarães JRD. A preliminary study of mercury exposure and blood pressure in the Brazilian Amazon. Environ Health. 2006;5(1):29-37.
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2017-03-30
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Soric, T., Dragičević, I., & Čoklo, M. (2017). Fish intake, mercury, and metabolic syndrome: a review of the literature. BioMedicine and Surgery, 1(1), 24–31. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.995077
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